Alban Berg bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Viennese School. Ọ bụ onye a na-ewere dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na egwu nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Ọrụ Berg, nke oge oge ịhụnanya na-emetụta, gbasoro ụkpụrụ nke atonality na dodecaphony. Egwú Berg dị nso na omenala egwu nke R. Kolisch kpọrọ "Viennese espressivo" (okwu).
Mmetụta anụ ahụ zuru oke nke ụda, ọkwa kachasị elu nke nkwupụta na ntinye nke ụda ụda na-akọwapụta ihe ndị mejupụtara ya. Ọchịchọ nke onye na-ede ihe na-eche banyere ihe omimi na theosophy jikọtara ya na nyocha nwere nghọta na nke siri ike. Nke a pụtara ìhè karịsịa n'akwụkwọ ya gbasara ozizi egwu.
Afọ nwata nke onye na-ede egwú Alban Berg
A mụrụ Alban Berg na February 9, 1885 na Vienna n'ime ezinụlọ nke etiti. Na mgbakwunye na mmasị ya maka akwụkwọ, BERG nwere mmasị na egwu. Nna ya bụ onye na-ere nka na akwụkwọ, nne ya bụ onye na-ede uri a na-amataghị. O doro anya ihe mere e ji gbaa nwa okoro ahụ ume ịgụ akwụkwọ na egwu egwu site n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 6, a goro obere nwa nwoke ahụ dị ka onye nkụzi egwu nke kụziiri ya ka e si akpọ piano. Berg gburu nna ya na 1900 nke ukwuu. Mgbe ọdachi a gasịrị, ọ malitere ịta ahụhụ nke ụkwara ume ọkụ, nke na-ata ya ahụhụ n'oge ndụ ya niile. Onye na-ede egwú malitere mgbalị onwe ya nke mbụ ya idepụta ọrụ egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 15.
Alban Berg: ịlụ ọgụ ịda mbà n'obi
1903 - Berg daa ule nyocha ya wee nwee nkụda mmụọ. Na Septemba ọ na-agbalị ọbụna igbu onwe ya. Site na 1904 ọ gụrụ Arnold Schönber afọ isii (1874–1951), onye kuziri ya nkwekọ na nhazi. Ọ bụ nkuzi egwu nke nwere ike gwọọ akwara ya wee chefuo mmechuihu ahụ. Ihe ngosi ọha mbụ nke ọrụ Berg mere n'afọ 1907 na egwu ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ.
Ihe okike mbụ ya, "Agụ asaa mbụ" (1905-1908), ka gbasoro ọdịnala nke R. Schumann na G. Mahler n'ụzọ doro anya. Ma piano sonata "V. op.1" (1907-1908) eduzilarị ihe ọhụrụ nke onye nkuzi mejupụtara. Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya n'okpuru Schoenberg, nke gosipụtarala nnwere onwe doro anya, bụ String Quartet, Op 3, nke emebere na 1910. Ngwakọta ahụ na-egosipụta nhịahụ pụrụiche na adịghị ike nke njikọ ya na ụda isi-obere.
Berg na-arụsi ọrụ ike mmụta
Mgbe Berg gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Berg gụrụ akwụkwọ. Na 1906 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-edekọ ego. Otú ọ dị, nchekwa ego nyere ya ohere ibi ndụ dị ka onye nkụzi na-emepụta ihe na-eme onwe ya ka oge na-aga. Na 1911 ọ lụrụ Helena Nachowski. Ewezuga njem azụmahịa dị mkpụmkpụ, Berg na-anọkarị oge site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ruo mmiri na Vienna. Ndị ọzọ nke afọ - na Carinthia na Styria.
N'ime afọ abụọ mbụ nke ọzụzụ n'okpuru Schoenberg, BERG ka bụ onye ọrụ obodo na lieutenant Austria nke ala. Ma ebe ọ bụ na 1906 ọ na-etinye onwe ya nanị na music. Mgbe Schoenberg hapụrụ Vienna gaa Berlin na 1911, BERG rụrụ ọrụ maka onye nkuzi na onye ndụmọdụ ya. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, o mere ndekọ aha maka ide "Harmonielehre" (1911) na ihe magburu onwe nyocha ndu na "Gurre-Lieder".
Alban Berg: laghachi Vienna
Mgbe afọ atọ jere ozi na ndị agha Austria (1915-1918) na njedebe nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Alban Berg laghachiri na Vienna. N'ebe ahụ, a gwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na Association of Private Musical Performances. Ọ bụ Arnold Schoenberg tọrọ ntọala ya n'oge afọ okike ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ruo 1921, Berg na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ, na-emepe emepe egwú ya. Ọrụ mbụ nke onye na-ede egwú na-abụkarị egwu ụlọ na ọrụ maka piano. Edere ha mgbe ha na ARNOLD SCHONBERG na-amụ ihe. Aha pụrụ iche kwesịrị “string Quartet op. 3" (1910). A na-ewere ya dị ka ọrụ mbụ buru ibu nke atonality.
Kemgbe 1920, Berg malitere ọrụ nta akụkọ nke ọma. Ọrụ a na-ewetara ya aha na ezigbo ego. Ọ na-edekarị banyere egwú na ọrụ ndị dere ya n’oge ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ masịrị onye na-egwu egwu nke ukwuu nke na ruo ogologo oge ọ pụghị ikpebi ịnọgide na-ede egwú ma ọ bụ tinye onwe ya kpam kpam n'ide egwu.
Ihe okike Berg: oge ọrụ
Na 1914, Berg gara arụmọrụ nke Georg Büchner's "Woyzeck". Ọ kpaliri onye na-ede egwú nke ukwuu nke na o kpebiri ozugbo ide egwu nke ya maka egwuregwu a. Emechara ọrụ ahụ naanị na 1921.
1922 – Mbelata maka piano sitere na Woyzeck ka ebipụtara onwe ya site na nkwado ego nke Alma Mahler.
1923 – A bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Wiener Universal-Edition, nke na-ebipụtakwa ọrụ mbụ nke Berg.
1924 – Ihe ngosi ụwa nke akụkụ “Woyzeck” na Frankfurt am Main.
1925 – Okike nke Lyric Suite maka eriri quartet, nke ewepụtara na Jenụwarị 8, 1927, nke Kolisch Quartet mere. Ihe ngosi ụwa nke opera "Woyzeck" nke Erich Kleiber mere na Berlin State Opera.
1926 - "Woyzeck" mere na Prague, na 1927 - na Leningrad, na 1929 - na Oldenburg.
Berg na-egwu egwu n'echiche nke ịtọ akụkọ ifo Gerhart Hauptmann "Und Pippa tanzt" na egwu.
"Abụ Lulu" - ọrụ akara ngosi Berg
Na 1928, onye na-ede egwú kpebiri ide egwu maka ọrụ "Lulu" nke Frank Wedekind. Ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike malitere, bụ nke e ji nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma kpube okpueze. Na 1930, a họpụtara Berg ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Prussian Academy of Arts. Ọnọdụ ego ya na ama ama nyere ya ohere ịzụta ụlọ ezumike na Ọdọ Mmiri Wörthersee.
"Abụ Lulu" e dechara na 1933. A raara ihe ngosi mbụ ya nye Webern iji sọpụrụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ 50th ya.
1934 - N'April, Berg mechara obere ihe nkiri Lulu. A na-eme atụmatụ mmemme ụwa na Berlin na Erich Kleiber. Na Nọvemba 30, Opera na steeti Berlin kwadoro mmalite nke ọrụ egwu sitere na opera Lulu nke Erich Kleiber dere.
Afọ ikpeazụ nke imepụta ihe
1935 - kwụsị ọrụ na opera "Lulu". Site na Eprel ruo Ọgọst, Berg rụrụ ọrụ n'ịhazi egwu egwu violin "Memory of An Angel" maka Manon Gropius, ada Alma Mahler nwụrụ anwụ. Ọrụ akụkụ abụọ a, kewara n'ime oge dị iche iche, na-agbaso ebumnuche isiokwu nke requiem. Dịka mkpọmkwem, ọ bụ egwu egwu nke mbụ dabere na iji usoro nke otu ahịrị nwere ụda iri na abụọ. Alban Berg adịghị ndụ ịhụ ihe ngosi mbụ na Eprel 19, 1936 na Barcelona.
Berg enweghị ike ịmecha opera ya nke abụọ, Lulu, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Onye na-ede egwú Austrian bụ Friedrich Cerha gbakwunyere ihe omume nke atọ, na nke mbụ e mere ụdị 3-act bụ na February 3, 24 na Paris.
N'afọ 1936, e mere ihe ngosi nke ihe nkiri violin na Barcelona na onye violin Louis Krasner na onye nduzi Hermann Scherchen.
Na Disemba 24, 1935 Berg nwụrụ n'ihi furunculosis na obodo Vienna.
