N'ịbụ ndị a ghọtara n'ụwa niile dị ka "Nwanyị Mbụ nke Abụ", Ella Fitzgerald bụ otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú kacha mma n'oge niile. A gọziri ya site n'iji olu dị elu, nke na-adagharị ụda, nkọwa zuru oke na nkọwa zuru oke, Fitzgerald nwekwara echiche siri ike nke ịkụgharị, yana iji usoro abụ ya na-egbuke egbuke nwere ike ijide onwe ya megide onye ọ bụla n'ime oge ya.
O nwetara ewu ewu na mbu dika onye otu ndi egwu Chick Webb haziri na 1930s. Ha jikọtara ọnụ dekọtara ihe egwu "A-Tisket, A-Tasket," na n'afọ ndị 1940, Ella nwetara nkwanye ùgwù zuru oke na-abụ jazz na Jazz na Philharmonic na Dizzy Gillespie's Big Band.
N'ịbụ onye ya na onye nrụpụta na onye njikwa nwa oge Norman Granz na-arụ ọrụ, ọ nwetara nkwanye ugwu karịa na usoro ọba ya emepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ Verve. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ na ndị na-ede egwú dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, nke a na-akpọ "Great American Songwriters".
N'ime ọrụ afọ 50 ya, Ella Fitzgerald meriri 13 Grammy Awards, rere ihe karịrị nde 40 album wee nweta ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere National Medal of Arts na Onye isi ala Medal of Freedom.
Dị ka onye omenala dị oke mkpa, Fitzgerald nwere mmetụta na-enweghị atụ na mmepe nke jazz na egwu ndị a ma ama ma nọgide na-abụ ogidi nkwado maka ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị na-ese ihe ọtụtụ iri afọ mgbe ọ gachara na ogbo ahụ.
Otu nwa agbọghọ si lanarị ihe isi ike na mfu dị egwu
A mụrụ Fitzgerald na 1917 na Newport News, Virginia. O tolitere n'ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ na Yonkers, New York. Nne na nna ya kewapụrụ obere oge ka amuchara ya, nne ya Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald na enyi nne ya nwoke bụ Joseph "Joe" Da Silva zụlitere ya.
Nwatakịrị nwanyị ahụ nwekwara nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Frances, mụrụ na 1923. Iji nyere aka na ego ezinụlọ, Fitzgerald na-enwetakarị ego site n'ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma, gụnyere ọrụ ịgba chaa chaa nke obodo mgbe ụfọdụ.
Dị ka onye nwere obi ike, tomboyish na-eto eto, Ella na-arụsi ọrụ ike na egwuregwu ma na-egwuri egwu na egwuregwu baseball mpaghara. N'ịbụ onye nne ya nwere mmetụta, ọ na-enwekwa mmasị n'ịbụ abụ na ịgba egwu, ma jiri ọtụtụ awa na-abụ abụ na ndekọ nke Bing Crosby, Conne Boswell na Boswell Sisters. Nwatakịrị nwanyị ahụ na-ebukarị ụgbọ oloko gaa n'obodo dị nso ka ya na ndị enyi ya hụ ihe ngosi na Apollo Theatre na Harlem.
Na 1932, nne ya nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ e nwetara n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala. N'ịbụ onye na-ewute nke ukwuu maka ọnwụ ahụ, Fitzgerald gara n'ihu n'oge siri ike. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ mgbe nile, ya na ndị uwe ojii na-enwekwa nsogbu.
E mechara ziga ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbanwe, bụ́ ebe ndị na-elekọta ya mejọrọ Ella. N'ikpeazụ, ọ napụrụ onwe ya na ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ, ọ chọtara onwe ya na New York City n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi dị elu.
N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike niile, Ella Fitzgerald rụrụ ọrụ n'ihi na ọ gbasoro nrọ ya na ịhụnanya na-enweghị atụ maka ịrụ ọrụ.
Asọmpi na mmeri Ella Fitzgerald
N'afọ 1934, ọ banyere ma merie asọmpi amateur na Apollo, na-abụ abụ "Judy" nke Hodie Carmichael n'ụdị arụsị ya, Conne Boswell. Ya na ndị otu ahụ n'abalị ahụ bụ onye saxophonist Benny Carter, bụ onye were onye na-eto eto na-eto eto n'okpuru nku ya ma gbaa ya ume ịchụso ọrụ ya.
Asọmpi ndị ọzọ sochiri, na 1935, Fitzgerald meriri otu izu na Teenie Bradshaw na Harlem Opera House. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere onye na-egwu egwu Chick Webb, bụ onye kwetara ịnwale ya n'òtù egwú ya na Mahadum Yale. Ọ masịrị ìgwè mmadụ ahụ wee nọrọ afọ ole na ole sochirinụ ya na onye na-akụ ọkpọ bụ onye ghọrọ onye nlekọta iwu ya wee rụgharịa ihe ngosi ya iji gosi onye na-agụ egwú na-eto eto.
Aha otu a toro nke ukwuu na Fitzgerald ka ha na-achịkwa agha nke ndị agha na Savoy, wee wepụta ọtụtụ ọrụ na Decca 78, na-enye akara "A Tisket-A-Tasket" na 1938 na B-n'akụkụ otu "T" 'Aint Ihe Ị Na-eme' (Ọ bụ Ụzọ Ị Na-eme Ya)), yana "Liza" na "Enweghị mkpebi".
Mgbe ọrụ onye ọbụ abụ na-eto, ahụike Webb malitere ịka njọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ, onye na-akụ ọkpọ ahụ, bụ́ onye lụsoro ụkwara nta n'ọkpụkpụ azụ ọgụ n'oge ndụ ya nile, nọ na-ala n'iyi mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwu. Ka o sina dị, ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ, na-atụ anya na ndị otu ya ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'oge oké ịda mbà n'obi.
N'afọ 1939, obere oge ka a wachara ya ahụ nke ukwuu n'ụlọ ọgwụ Johns Hopkins dị na Baltimore, Maryland, Webb nwụrụ. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Fitzgerald gara n'ihu na-eduzi otu ya na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ruo 1941, mgbe o kpebiri ịmalite ọrụ naanị ya.
Ndekọ hit ọhụrụ
Mgbe ọ ka nọ na akara Decca, Fitzgerald jikọtara ya na Ink Spots, Louis Jordan na Delta Rhythm Boys ka ha dekọọ ọtụtụ hits. Na 1946, Ella Fitzgerald malitere ịrụ ọrụ mgbe niile maka onye njikwa jazz Norman Granz na Philharmonic.
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụkarị Fitzgerald dị ka onye na-agụ egwú pop n'oge ọrụ ya na Webb, ọ malitere ịnwale na abụ "scat". A na-eji usoro a eme ihe na jazz mgbe onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eji olu nke ya ṅomie ngwá egwú.
Fitzgerald soro nnukwu ìgwè Dizzy Gillespie gagharịa wee nabata bebop (ụdị jazz) n'oge na-adịghị anya dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke onyonyo ya. Onye ọbụ abụ jikwa ihe eji egwu egwu were gbagharịa ihe nkiri ndụ ya nke tụrụ ndị na-ege ntị n'anya ma nweta nkwanye ùgwù n'aka ndị egwu ibe ya.
E weputara ihe ndekọ ya nke "Lady Be Good," "Lee ka ọnwa si dị elu," na "Flying Home" site na 1945 ruo 1947 ka ọ bụrụ otuto dị ukwuu ma nyere aka kwado ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi ụda jazz.
Ndụ nkeonwe jikọtara ya na ọrụ Ella Fitzgerald
Mgbe ya na Gillespie na-arụ ọrụ, ọ zutere ma lụọ bassist Ray Brown. Ray na Ella biri na 1947 ruo 1953, n'oge a, onye na-agụ egwú na-egwuri egwu na atọ ya. Di na nwunye a nakweere nwa nwoke, Ray Brown Jr. (amụrụ Fitzgerald's ọkara nwanne Frances na 1949), onye gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-egwu pianist na onye na-agụ egwú.
Na 1951, onye na-agụ egwú jikọtara ya na onye pianist Ellis Larkins maka album Ella Sings Gershwin, bụ ebe ọ sụgharịa abụ George Gershwin.
Akara ọhụrụ – Verve
Mgbe ọ pụtasịrị na ihe nkiri 1955 nke Pete Kelly The Blues, Fitzgerald bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta Norman Granz's Verve. Onye njikwa ya ogologo oge Granz tụrụ aro Verve maka naanị ebumnuche iji gosipụta olu ya nke ọma.
Malite na 1956 site na Sings the Cole Porter Songbook, ọ ga-edekọ ọtụtụ albums Songbooks na-akọwa egwu nke ndị na-ede egwú America, gụnyere Cole Porter, George na Ira Gershwin, Rodgers & Hart, Duke Ellington, Harold Arlen, Jerome Kern na Johnny. Mercer.
Albums ndị a ma ama nke nwetara Fitzgerald Grammy anọ mbụ ya na 1959 na 1958 kwalitere ọkwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ oge niile.
Mwepụta nke mbụ sochiri albums ndị ọzọ ga-abụ oge gboo, gụnyere 1956 duet kụrụ Louis Armstrong, Ella & Louis, yana 1957 dị ka onye hụrụ n'anya na 1958's Porgy na Bess, yana Armstrong.
N'okpuru ntụzịaka Granz, Fitzgerald na-elegharị anya ugboro ugboro, na-ewepụta ọtụtụ ọba egwu egwu egwu. N'ime ha, na 1960, a arụmọrụ nke "Mack Knife" nke o chefuru lyrics na improvised. Otu n'ime egwu kachasị ere nke ọrụ ya, "Ella na Berlin," nyere onye na-agụ egwú ohere ịnweta Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance. E mechara weba album ahụ n'ime Grammy Hall of Fame na 1999.
E rere Verve na MGM na 1963, na 1967 Fitzgerald hụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị nkwekọrịta. N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, ọ dekọtara abụ maka ọtụtụ aha, dị ka Capitol, Atlantic na Reprise. Ndekọ ya agbanweela kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ ka ọ na-eji egwu pop na rock nke oge a dị ka Cream's "Sunshine of Your Love" na Beatles"Hey Jude" na-emelite repertoire ya.
Na-arụ ọrụ na Pablo Records
Otú ọ dị, afọ ya ka e mesịrị bụ mmetụta Granz nwere akara ọzọ mgbe ọ tọrọ ntọala onwe ya aha Pablo Records. Album dị ndụ Jazz na Santa Monica Civic '72, nke gosipụtara Ella Fitzgerald, pianist Tommy Flanagan na Count Basie Orchestra, nwetara ewu ewu site na ire ahịa ozi ma nyere Grantz aka ịmalite akara ahụ.
Ọtụtụ ọba sochiri n'ime '70s na' 80s, ọtụtụ n'ime ha jikọtara ya na ndị nka dịka Basie, Oscar Peterson na Joe Pass.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọrịa shuga na-emetụta anya na obi ya, na-amanye ya ka ọ kwụsịtụ n'ịrụ ọrụ, Fitzgerald nọgidere na-ejigide ụdị ọṅụ ya na nnukwu mmetụta nke ịkụgharị. Site na ogbo ahụ, ọ raara onwe ya nye n'inyere ndị ntorobịa nọ n'enweghị nsogbu aka ma nye aka na ọrụ ebere dị iche iche.
N'afọ 1979, e nyere ya Kennedy Center for Performing Arts Medal of Honor. Ọzọkwa na 1987, President Ronald Reagan nyere ya National Medal of Arts.
Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ sochiri, gụnyere Ọchịagha nke Arts na Literacy Award sitere na France, yana ọtụtụ doctorate nsọpụrụ sitere na Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Ka emechara egwu na Carnegie Hall nke New York na 1991, ọ lara ezumike nka. Fitzgerald nwụrụ na June 15, 1996 n'ụlọ ya na Beverly Hills, California. N'ime iri afọ ole na ole mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, aha Fitzgerald dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee mmetụta na ndị a ma ama na jazz na egwu ndị a ma ama etoola.
Ọ ka bụ aha ezinaụlọ n'ụwa niile wee natala ọtụtụ onyinye nturu ugo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, gụnyere Grammy na Nrite Onye isi ala nke nnwere onwe.
