Grover Washington Jr. bụ onye America saxophonist bụ onye ama ama na 1967-1999. Dị ka Robert Palmer (nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Rolling Stone) si kwuo, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere ike ịghọ "onye saxophonist kasị mara amara na-arụ ọrụ na ụdị jazz fusion."
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ boro Washington ebubo na ọ na-eche echiche maka azụmahịa, ndị na-ege ntị nwere mmasị na ihe ndị a na-eme n'ihi na ha na-eme ka obi dị jụụ na nke pastoral site na iji mmetụ nke obodo obodo.
Grover ejiriwo ndị na-egwu egwu na-agba onwe ya gburugburu mgbe niile, ekele maka onye o wepụtara albums na egwu na-aga nke ọma. Mmekọrịta kacha echefu echefu: Naanị anyị abụọ (ya na Bill Withers), ụdị ịhụnanya dị nsọ (ya na Phyllis Hyman), Kachasị mma ka ga-abịa (ya na Patti LaBelle). Ihe egwu solo bụkwa ihe ewu ewu nke ukwuu: Winelight, Mister Magic, Inner City Blues, wdg.
Oge nwata na ntorobịa Grover Washington Jr.
Grover Washington mụrụ December 12, 1943 na Buffalo, New York n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ezinụlọ ya bụ onye na-egwu egwu: nne ya na-egwu egwu n'òtù ukwe ụka; nwanne nwoke rụrụ ọrụ na ukwe ụka dị ka onye organist; nna m na-egwuri tenor saxophone ọkachamara. N'iji ihe atụ sitere n'aka nne na nna ha, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere malitere ịme egwu. Grover kpebiri ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nna ya wee were saxophone. Nwanna nwoke ahụ nwere mmasị n’ịkpọ ịgbà ma mesịa ghọọ ọkaibe n’ịkụ egwú.
N'akwụkwọ Jazz-Rock Fusion (Julian Coryell na Laura Friedman) e nwere ahịrị ebe onye saxophonist chetara banyere nwata:
“Amalitere m ịkpọ ngwá egwú mgbe m dị ihe dị ka afọ iri. Obi abụọ adịghị ya na ịhụnanya mbụ m nwere bụ egwu oge gboo… Ihe mmụta mbụ m bụ saxophone, emesia m nwara piano, drums na bass.”
Washington gara ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nke Wurlitzer. Grover nwere mmasị na ngwa ndị ahụ. Ya mere, o tinyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ oge niile ya n'efu ka o wee mụta ka e si egwu egwu ma ọ dịkarịa ala na ọkwa bụ isi.
Nna ya gosipụtara saxophone mbụ mgbe onye na-eme ihe nkiri dị afọ 10. Ugbua mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, Washington malitere itinye aka na egwu saxophone. Mgbe ụfọdụ na mgbede, ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ wee gaa klọb ịhụ ndị egwu blues ama ama na Buffalo. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nwa nwoke ahụ nwere mmasị na basketball. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi n'eziokwu na ịdị elu ya ezughị ezu maka egwuregwu a, o kpebiri ijikọ ndụ ya na ihe omume egwu.
Na mbụ, Grover rụrụ naanị na concert n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na afọ abụọ bụ a baritone saxophonist na obodo ụlọ akwụkwọ egwú. Oge ụfọdụ, ọ na-amụrụ onye egwu Buffalo ama ama Elvis Shepard ọmụmụ. Washington gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 16 wee kpebie ịkwaga n'obodo ya bụ Columbus, Ohio. N'ebe ahụ, ọ sonyeere ndị Clef anọ, bụ ndị malitere ọrụ egwu egwu ya.
Kedu ka ọrụ Grover Washington Jr. siri tolite?
Grover ji ndị Clef anọ gagharịa steeti ahụ, mana ndị otu ahụ kwụsịrị na 1963. Ruo oge ụfọdụ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-egwuri egwu na Mark III Trio. N'ihi na eziokwu na Washington agụghị ebe ọ bụla, na 1965 ọ natara oku na US Army. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu n'òtù ndị uwe ojii nke onye uwe ojii. N'oge ezumike ya, ọ rụrụ na Philadelphia, na-arụ ọrụ na akụkụ dị iche iche trios na rock band. Na mkpokọta ndị agha, onye saxophonist zutere onye na-akụ ọkpọ Billy Cobham. Mgbe ọrụ ahụ gasịrị, o nyeere ya aka ịghọ akụkụ nke ebe egwu egwu na New York.
Ihe omume Washington ka mma - ọ rụrụ n'òtù egwu dị iche iche, gụnyere Charles Erland, na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama (Melvin Sparks, Johnny Hammond, wdg). A tọhapụrụ album mbụ Grover Inner City Blues na 1971 wee bụrụ egwu egwu ozugbo. Ekwesịrị ka ọ bụrụ Hank Crawford nwe ihe ndekọ ahụ na mbụ. Onye na-emepụta echiche azụmaahịa Creed Taylor chịkọtara ya otu egwu egwu egwu. Otú ọ dị, e jidere onye egwú ahụ, ọ pụghịkwa ime ha. Mgbe ahụ Taylor kpọrọ Grover ka ọ dekọọ ma wepụta ndekọ n'okpuru aha ya.
Washington kwetara n'otu oge na ndị na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ, "Nnukwu ezumike m bụ chi ọma kpuru." Agbanyeghị, ọ nwere nnukwu ewu ewu n'ihi ọba Mister Magic. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, a malitere ịkpọ onye saxophonist òkù ka ọ bụrụ ihe omume kachasị mma na mba ahụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu na ndị isi egwu jazz. N'afọ 1980, onye na-eme ihe nkiri wepụtara ndekọ nzuzo ya, n'ihi nke a natara Grammy Awards abụọ. Ọzọkwa, e nyere Grover aha nke "Onye na-eme ngwa ngwa kachasị mma".
N'oge ndụ ya, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere ike wepụta ọba 2-3 n'ime otu afọ. Naanị n'etiti 1980 na 1999 E wepụtara ndekọ 10. Nke kacha mma, dịka ndị nkatọ siri kwuo, bụ ọrụ nke Soulful Strut (1996). Leo Stanley dere banyere ya, "Nkà ihe eji eme ihe na Washington ọzọ wepụrụ nchapụta ahụ, na-eme Soulful Strut ndekọ ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndị niile na-akwado jazz mkpụrụ obi." Mgbe onye na-ese ihe nwụsịrị na 2000, ndị enyi ya wepụtara album Aria.
Ụdị egwu Grover Washington Jr.
Onye saxophonist a ma ama mepụtara ụdị egwu a na-akpọ "jazz-pop" ("jazz-rock-fusion"). Ọ na-agụnye imezi jazz ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ada ụda ma ọ bụ egwu nkume. Ọtụtụ oge Washington na-emetụta ndị nka jazz dịka John Coltrane, Joe Henderson na Oliver Nelson. Ka o sina dị, nwunye Grover nwere ike ịmasị ya na egwu pop.
"Adụrụ m ya ọdụ ka ọ gee egwu pop karịa," Christina gwara magazin Rolling Stone. "Ebumnobi ya bụ igwu egwu jazz, ma ọ malitere ige ntị n'ụdị dị iche iche ma n'otu oge ọ gwara m na ọ chọrọ naanị igwu egwu ihe ọ dị ya n'obi na-enweghị ịkpọ ya." Washington kwụsịrị ịgbachitere onwe ya na nkwenkwe na ọdịnala ọ bụla, malitere ịkpọ egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, "na-enweghị nchegbu banyere ụdị na ụlọ akwụkwọ."
Ndị nkatọ enweghị mmasị na egwu Washington. Ụfọdụ toro, ndị ọzọ chere. E mere mkpesa bụ isi megide azụmahịa nke ihe ndị mejupụtara. Na ntụle nke album ya Skylarkin (1979), Frank John Hadley kwuru na "ọ bụrụ na ndị jazz saxophonists azụmahịa ebiliwo n'ọkwa eze, Grover Washington Jr. gaara abụ nna ha ukwu."
Ndụ onwe onye omenkà
Mgbe ọ na-eme egwuregwu n'otu n'ime ihe nkiri esenidụt ya, Grover zutere nwunye ya Christina n'ọdịnihu. N'oge ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye aka na-edezi akwụkwọ n'ógbè ahụ. Christina ji obi ụtọ na-echeta mmalite nke mmekọrịta ha: "Anyị zutere na Satọdee, na Thursday anyị malitere ibikọ ọnụ." Na 1967, ha lụrụ. Mgbe Washington kwụsịrị ọrụ, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Philadelphia.
Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ - nwa nwanyị Shana Washington na nwa Grover Washington III. A machaghị ihe ụmụaka na-eme. Dị ka nna ya na nna nna ya, Washington III kpebiri ịghọ onye na-egwu egwú.
Na 1999, onye na-eme ihe nkiri gara na set nke The Saturday Early Show, ebe ọ rụrụ abụ anọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Mgbe ọ na-eche ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-ese foto, o nwere nkụchi obi. Ndị ọrụ Studio kpọrọ ụgbọ ihe mberede ozugbo, mana mgbe ha rutere n'ụlọ ọgwụ, Washington anwụọlarị. Ndị dọkịta dekọrọ na onye na-ese ihe nwere nnukwu nkụchi obi.
